TENSES


TENSES
Tenses is a verb form in English to show time (present, future, or past) the occurrence of an action or event.
1.  Present Tense
o   Simple Present Tense
Simple Present Tense (Waktu sekarang sederhana) adalah tenses (pola kalimat) yang digunakan untuk menceritakan waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana.
Rumus :
(+) S + V1 s/es + O
(-) S + do/does not + V1 + O…
(?) Do/Does + S + V…?
Contoh:
(+) I read one book every month.
(-) They dont go to the beach on Monday.
(?) Do they go to the beach on weekend?
-          Penambahan “s/ es” pada Verb 1 hanya untuk subjek He, she dan it.
Contoh kalimat: She eats an banana.

-          Time Signal :Usually, Always, Often, Generally, Seldom

o   Present Continuous Tense
Present continous tense adalah pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung saat ini.

Rumus:
(+) Subject + To be 1 (am/is/are) + Ving + Object
(-) Subject + (am/is/are) + not + Ving + Object
(?) Am/is/are + Subject + Ving + Object?
Contoh :
(+) They are playing basket ball right now.
(-) I am not smoking.
(?) Are we talking about sport or health?
o   Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu aksi atau situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang atau telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu namun efeknya masih berlanjut.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + have/has + V3 + Object + Time signal
(-) Subject + have/has + not + V3 + Object + Time signal
(?) Have/has + Subject + V3+ Object + Time signal?
Contoh:
(+) I have bought a new car.
(-) The car hasnt stopped in front of he man.
(?) Have you bought a new car.

o   Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense merupakan jenis tense yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan sebuah kejadian/ peristiwa yang telah terjadi di masa lampau namun masih berkesinambungan atau masih terus berlanjut hingga saat ini.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + have/has + been + Ving + Object
(-) Subject + have/has + not + been + Ving + Object
(?) Have/has + Subject + been + Ving + Object
Contoh:
(+) I have been asking for help since 2 hours ago but there is nobody here.
(-) She has not been teaching in that school since last year.
(?) Have you been calling me since then?




2.  Past Tense

o   Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja sederhana untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi di masa lampau.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + V2 + Object + Time signal
(-) Subject + did + not + V1 infinitive + Object + Time signal
(?) Did + Subject + V1 infinitive + Object + Time signal?
Contoh:
(+) I went to Jogjakarta with my family last week.
(-) You did not pay the tax last year.
(?) What did you buy last Sunday?

o   Past Continuous Tense
Past continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Rumus:
(+) Subject + was/were + Ving + Object
(-) S + was/were + not + Ving + Object
(?) Was/were + S + Ving + Object?
Contoh:
(+) He was sleeping when I came to his house.
(-)  I was not working at that factory in 2011.
(?)  Were you sweeping the floor at 9 o’clock yesterday?

o   Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + Had + V3
(-) Subject + Had + not + V3
(?) Had + Subject + V3
Contoh:
(+) I had studied before she came to my house.
(-) She had not been a teacher when she got married.
(?) Had you been checked the list of equipments before you had travelling?

o   Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past perfect continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi (dengan durasi waktu tertentu) telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + had + been + V1-ing
(-) Subject +had+not+been+V1-ing
(?) had+ Subject +been+V1-ing
Contoh:
(+)  I had been heard the song many times before.
(-)  I had not selling a bicycle.
(?)  Had you been working?




3.  Future Tense

o   Simple Future Tense
Simple future tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan, menyatakan suatu janji,tapi dengan syarat, menyatakan meminta tolong kepada seseorang, Juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu janji.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + will + Inf (V1) + Object + Time signal
(-) Subject + will+ not + Inf (V1) + Object + Time signal
(?) Will + Subject + Inf (V1) + Object + Time signal?
Contoh:
(+) They will come to the party tonight.
(-)  He will not buy a new bag tomorrow.
(?)  Will we study at the same class next month?

o   Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous tense menunjukkan suatu pekerjaan yang sedang terjadi di masa yang akan datang. Dengan kata lain, tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perkerjaan yang akan terjadi pada titik waktu tertentu.

Rumus:
(+) Subject + will + be + V1 ing + Time signal
(-) Subject + will + not + be + V1 ing + Time signal
(?) Will + Subject + be + V1 ing + Time signal?
Contoh:
(+) We will be keeping running away the next week.
(-)  They will not be repairing this computer when I will come.
(?) Will she be bringing many books next day?


o   Future Perfect Tense
Future perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau perbuatan yang akan telah terjadi atau akan telah selesai dilakukan di waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.


Rumus:
(+) Subject + will + have + V3
(-) Subject + will + have + not + V3
(?) Will + Subject + have + V3
Contoh:
(+) You will have gone to your house.
(-) She will not have left.
(?) Will you have finished your work tomorrow?


o   Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Future perfect continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi akan sudah berlangsung selama sekian lama pada titik waktu tertentu di masa depan.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + will + have + been + Ving + Object + Time signal
(-) Subject + will + not + have + been + Ving + Object + Time signal
(?) Will + Subject + have + been + Ving + Object + Time signal?
Contoh:
(+) She will have been finishing her work.
(-)  She will not have been studying in library with her friends
(?)  Will they have been getting up early in the morning?

4.  Past Future Tense

o   Simple Past Future Tense
Simple Past future tense atau “future in the past” adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk membicarakan masa depan dari perspektif masa lalu.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + would + Infinitive/V1
(-) Subject + would + not + Infinitive/V1
(?) Would + Subject + Infinitive/V1
Contoh:
(+)  He would forgive you if you come to his house.
(-)  We would not go to the museum tomorrow.
(?)  Would she going to draw a beautiful painting in art exhibition?

o   Past Future Continuous Tense
Past future continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk menyatakan aksi atau situasi imajiner yang sedang berlangsung apabila unreal condition-nya terpenuhi.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + would + be + Ving
(-) Subject + would + not + be + Ving
(?) Would + Subject + be + Ving
Contoh:
(+) I would be attending the conference if I were in Jakarta.
(-)  I would be not reading short story book again.
(?)  Would he be walking to the market?

Past Future Perfect Tense
Past future perfect tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk membicarakan aktivitas yang tidak terjadi, mungkin terjadi, atau sebenarnya dapat dilakukan namun tidak berhasil dilakukan di masa lampau.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + would + have + been + V3
(-) Subject + would + not + have + been + V3
(?) Would + Subject + have+ been+ V3

Contoh:
(+) They would have been shopping.
(-) They would not have been shopping.
(?) Would you have been visiting the history museum?

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past future perfect continuous tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kalimat yang akan telah sedang terjadi di masa lalu.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + would + have + been + V-ing
(-) Subject + would + not + have + been + V-ing
(?) Would + Subject + have + been + V-ing?
Contoh:
(+) I would have been working in leading companies for 5 years.
(-)  They would not have been learning English grammar for one year by the end of last month.
(?) Would you have been driving?









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