TENSES
TENSES
Tenses is a verb form in English to show time
(present, future, or past) the occurrence of an action or event.
1. Present Tense
o
Simple Present Tense
Simple Present Tense (Waktu
sekarang sederhana) adalah tenses (pola kalimat) yang digunakan untuk
menceritakan waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana.
Rumus :
(+) S + V1 s/es + O
(-) S + do/does not +
V1 + O…
(?) Do/Does + S + V…?
Contoh:
(+) I read one book every month.
(-) They dont go to the beach on Monday.
(?) Do they go to the beach on weekend?
-
Penambahan “s/ es” pada Verb 1 hanya
untuk subjek He, she dan it.
Contoh kalimat: She eats an banana.
-
Time Signal :Usually, Always, Often,
Generally, Seldom
o
Present Continuous Tense
Present continous tense adalah pola
kalimat yang digunakan untuk sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung saat ini.
Rumus:
(+)
Subject + To be 1 (am/is/are) + Ving + Object
(-)
Subject + (am/is/are) + not + Ving + Object
(?)
Am/is/are + Subject + Ving + Object?
Contoh
:
(+)
They are playing basket ball right now.
(-)
I am not smoking.
(?)
Are we talking about sport or health?
o
Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect
tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan
suatu aksi atau situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut
sampai sekarang atau telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa
lalu namun efeknya masih berlanjut.
Rumus:
(+)
Subject + have/has + V3 + Object + Time signal
(-)
Subject + have/has + not + V3 + Object + Time signal
(?)
Have/has + Subject + V3+ Object + Time signal?
Contoh:
(+) I have bought a new
car.
(-) The car hasnt
stopped in front of he man.
(?) Have you bought a
new car.
o
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect
Continuous Tense merupakan jenis tense yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan
sebuah kejadian/ peristiwa yang telah terjadi di masa lampau namun masih
berkesinambungan atau masih terus berlanjut hingga saat ini.
Rumus:
(+) Subject + have/has
+ been + Ving + Object
(-) Subject + have/has
+ not + been + Ving + Object
(?) Have/has + Subject
+ been + Ving + Object
Contoh:
(+) I have been asking
for help since 2 hours ago but there is nobody here.
(-) She has not been
teaching in that school since last year.
(?) Have you been
calling me since then?
2. Past Tense
o
Simple Past Tense
Simple past
tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja sederhana untuk menunjukkan bahwa
suatu kejadian terjadi di masa lampau.
Rumus:
(+)
Subject + V2 + Object + Time signal
(-)
Subject + did + not + V1 infinitive + Object + Time signal
(?)
Did + Subject + V1 infinitive + Object + Time signal?
Contoh:
(+) I went to
Jogjakarta with my family last week.
(-) You did not pay the
tax last year.
(?) What did you buy
last Sunday?
o
Past Continuous Tense
Past continuous tense adalah suatu
bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi sedang
terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Rumus:
(+)
Subject + was/were + Ving + Object
(-)
S + was/were + not + Ving + Object
(?)
Was/were + S + Ving + Object?
Contoh:
(+) He was sleeping when I came to
his house.
(-)
I was not working at that factory in 2011.
(?)
Were you sweeping the floor at 9 o’clock yesterday?
o
Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect
tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa
suatu aksi telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu sebelum aksi
lainnya terjadi.
Rumus:
(+)
Subject + Had + V3
(-)
Subject + Had + not + V3
(?)
Had + Subject + V3
Contoh:
(+) I had studied
before she came to my house.
(-) She had not been a
teacher when she got married.
(?) Had you been
checked the list of equipments before you had travelling?
o
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past perfect continuous
tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan
suatu aksi (dengan durasi waktu tertentu) telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu
tertentu di masa lalu.
Rumus:
(+)
Subject + had + been + V1-ing
(-)
Subject +had+not+been+V1-ing
(?)
had+ Subject +been+V1-ing
Contoh:
(+) I had been heard the song many times before.
(-) I had not selling a bicycle.
(?) Had you been working?
3. Future Tense
o
Simple Future Tense
Simple
future tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan,
menyatakan suatu janji,tapi dengan syarat, menyatakan meminta tolong kepada
seseorang, Juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu janji.
Rumus:
(+)
Subject + will + Inf (V1) + Object + Time signal
(-)
Subject + will+ not + Inf (V1) + Object + Time signal
(?)
Will + Subject + Inf (V1) + Object + Time signal?
Contoh:
(+) They will come to the party
tonight.
(-)
He will not buy a new bag tomorrow.
(?)
Will we study at the same class next month?
o
Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous tense menunjukkan
suatu pekerjaan yang sedang terjadi di masa yang akan datang. Dengan kata
lain, tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perkerjaan yang
akan terjadi pada titik waktu tertentu.
Rumus:
(+)
Subject + will + be + V1 ing + Time signal
(-)
Subject + will + not + be + V1 ing + Time signal
(?)
Will + Subject + be + V1 ing + Time signal?
Contoh:
(+) We will be keeping running away
the next week.
(-) They will not be repairing this computer when
I will come.
(?) Will she be bringing many books
next day?
o
Future Perfect Tense
Future perfect tense digunakan
untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau perbuatan yang akan telah terjadi atau akan
telah selesai dilakukan di waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus:
(+)
Subject + will + have + V3
(-)
Subject + will + have + not + V3
(?)
Will + Subject + have + V3
Contoh:
(+) You will have gone to your
house.
(-) She will not have left.
(?) Will you have finished your
work tomorrow?
o
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Future perfect
continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk
mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi akan sudah berlangsung selama sekian
lama pada titik waktu tertentu di masa depan.
Rumus:
(+)
Subject + will + have + been + Ving + Object + Time signal
(-)
Subject + will + not + have + been + Ving + Object + Time signal
(?)
Will + Subject + have + been + Ving + Object + Time signal?
Contoh:
(+) She will have been
finishing her work.
(-) She will not have been studying in library
with her friends
(?) Will they have been getting up early in the
morning?
4. Past Future Tense
o
Simple Past Future Tense
Simple Past future
tense atau “future in the past” adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk
membicarakan masa depan dari perspektif masa lalu.
Rumus:
(+)
Subject + would + Infinitive/V1
(-)
Subject + would + not + Infinitive/V1
(?)
Would + Subject + Infinitive/V1
Contoh:
(+) He would forgive you if you come to his
house.
(-) We would not go to the museum tomorrow.
(?) Would she going to draw a beautiful painting
in art exhibition?
o
Past Future Continuous Tense
Past future continuous
tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk menyatakan aksi atau situasi
imajiner yang sedang berlangsung apabila unreal condition-nya
terpenuhi.
Rumus:
(+)
Subject + would + be + Ving
(-)
Subject + would + not + be + Ving
(?) Would + Subject +
be + Ving
Contoh:
(+) I would be
attending the conference if I were in Jakarta.
(-) I would be not reading short story book again.
(?) Would he be walking to the market?
Past Future Perfect
Tense
Past future perfect
tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk membicarakan aktivitas yang
tidak terjadi, mungkin terjadi, atau sebenarnya dapat dilakukan namun
tidak berhasil dilakukan di masa lampau.
Rumus:
(+)
Subject + would + have + been + V3
(-)
Subject + would + not + have + been + V3
(?)
Would + Subject + have+ been+ V3
Contoh:
(+) They would have
been shopping.
(-) They would not have
been shopping.
(?) Would you have been
visiting the history museum?
Past Future Perfect
Continuous Tense
Past future
perfect continuous tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kalimat
yang akan telah sedang terjadi di masa lalu.
Rumus:
(+)
Subject + would + have + been + V-ing
(-)
Subject + would + not + have + been + V-ing
(?)
Would + Subject + have + been + V-ing?
Contoh:
(+) I would have been
working in leading companies for 5 years.
(-) They would not have been learning English
grammar for one year by the end of last month.
(?) Would you have been
driving?
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